Supplies of Russian gas have fallen in recent weeks, and Europeans are looking to cut their reliance on it.
A surge in gas prices has hit consumers and energy firms in the UK, with knock-on effects for the food industry and supplies of carbon dioxide.
Elsewhere in Europe, consumers are also facing a steep rise in energy bills, and governments are scrambling to help. The crisis has highlighted the difficulty for Europeans in funding the move to renewable energy.
Five correspondents explain how different countries are responding with Spain hit the worst. Here is the report from Spain. For the other countries, please click on the link below for the full report in pdf.
In Spain, consumers' bills have spiralled here in recent months, with the cost of electricity increasing 35% over the last year and nearly 8% in August alone.
Energy prices in Spain are closely tied to the wholesale gas market, so the price per megawatt hour for consumers has repeatedly hit new highs recently.
"I was paying about €40 (£34) per month and now I'm paying around €60," said Amparo Vega, who has a newspaper kiosk in central Madrid.
For the full report, please click here:
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